In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

nilfs2: prevent use of deleted inode

syzbot reported a WARNING in nilfs_rmdir. [1]

Because the inode bitmap is corrupted, an inode with an inode number that
should exist as a ".nilfs" file was reassigned by nilfs_mkdir for "file0",
causing an inode duplication during execution.  And this causes an
underflow of i_nlink in rmdir operations.

The inode is used twice by the same task to unmount and remove directories
".nilfs" and "file0", it trigger warning in nilfs_rmdir.

Avoid to this issue, check i_nlink in nilfs_iget(), if it is 0, it means
that this inode has been deleted, and iput is executed to reclaim it.

[1]
WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 5824 at fs/inode.c:407 drop_nlink+0xc4/0x110 fs/inode.c:407
...
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 nilfs_rmdir+0x1b0/0x250 fs/nilfs2/namei.c:342
 vfs_rmdir+0x3a3/0x510 fs/namei.c:4394
 do_rmdir+0x3b5/0x580 fs/namei.c:4453
 __do_sys_rmdir fs/namei.c:4472 [inline]
 __se_sys_rmdir fs/namei.c:4470 [inline]
 __x64_sys_rmdir+0x47/0x50 fs/namei.c:4470
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xf3/0x230 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/284760b320a0bac411b18108316939707dccb12b

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/55e4baa0d32f0530ddc64c26620e1f2f8fa2724c

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5d4ed71327b0b5f3b179a19dc3c06be9509ab3db

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/901ce9705fbb9f330ff1f19600e5daf9770b0175

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/912188316a8c9e41b8c1603c2276a05043b14f96

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ef942d233643777f7b2a5deef620e82942983143

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ff561987ff12b6a3233431ff659b5d332e22f153