In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

bpf: Fix abuse of kprobe_write_ctx via freplace

uprobe programs are allowed to modify struct pt_regs.

Since the actual program type of uprobe is KPROBE, it can be abused to
modify struct pt_regs via kprobe+freplace when the kprobe attaches to
kernel functions.

For example,

SEC("?kprobe")
int kprobe(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	return 0;
}

SEC("?freplace")
int freplace_kprobe(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	regs->di = 0;
	return 0;
}

freplace_kprobe prog will attach to kprobe prog.
kprobe prog will attach to a kernel function.

Without this patch, when the kernel function runs, its first arg will
always be set as 0 via the freplace_kprobe prog.

To fix the abuse of kprobe_write_ctx=true via kprobe+freplace, disallow
attaching freplace programs on kprobe programs with different
kprobe_write_ctx values.

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/611fe4b79af72d00d80f2223354284447daafae9

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9836cadbd96c7e0dbb0018fa60e7872dd31ac4f8

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b312cf41b9e43f442613053f6cad39898e1baf96

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