The overlayfs implementation in the linux kernel did not properly validate with respect to user namespaces the setting of file capabilities on files in an underlying file system. Due to the combination of unprivileged user namespaces along with a patch carried in the Ubuntu kernel to allow unprivileged overlay mounts, an attacker could use this to gain elevated privileges.

Shiftfs, an out-of-tree stacking file system included in Ubuntu Linux kernels, did not properly handle faults occurring during copy_from_user() correctly. These could lead to either a double-free situation or memory not being freed at all. An attacker could use this to cause a denial of service (kernel memory exhaustion) or gain privileges via executing arbitrary code. AKA ZDI-CAN-13562.

dhclient in ISC DHCP 3.0.x through 4.2.x before 4.2.1-P1, 3.1-ESV before 3.1-ESV-R1, and 4.1-ESV before 4.1-ESV-R2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in a hostname obtained from a DHCP message, as demonstrated by a hostname that is provided to dhclient-script.

libxml2 before 2.7.8, as used in Google Chrome before 7.0.517.44, Apple Safari 5.0.2 and earlier, and other products, reads from invalid memory locations during processing of malformed XPath expressions, which allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted XML document.

Multiple integer signedness errors in net/rose/af_rose.c in the Linux kernel before 2.6.36-rc5-next-20100923 allow local users to cause a denial of service (heap memory corruption) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a rose_getname function call, related to the rose_bind and rose_connect functions.

Buffer overflow in the niu_get_ethtool_tcam_all function in drivers/net/niu.c in the Linux kernel before 2.6.36-rc4 allows local users to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via the ETHTOOL_GRXCLSRLALL ethtool command.

fs/jfs/xattr.c in the Linux kernel before 2.6.35.2 does not properly handle a certain legacy format for storage of extended attributes, which might allow local users by bypass intended xattr namespace restrictions via an "os2." substring at the beginning of a name.

The pppol2tp_xmit function in drivers/net/pppol2tp.c in the L2TP implementation in the Linux kernel before 2.6.34 does not properly validate certain values associated with an interface, which allows attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and OOPS) or possibly have unspecified other impact via vectors related to a routing change.

Stack-based buffer overflow in the TIFFFetchSubjectDistance function in tif_dirread.c in LibTIFF before 3.9.4 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via a long EXIF SubjectDistance field in a TIFF file.

drivers/connector/connector.c in the Linux kernel before 2.6.32.8 allows local users to cause a denial of service (memory consumption and system crash) by sending the kernel many NETLINK_CONNECTOR messages.

The load_elf_binary function in fs/binfmt_elf.c in the Linux kernel before 2.6.32.8 on the x86_64 platform does not ensure that the ELF interpreter is available before a call to the SET_PERSONALITY macro, which allows local users to cause a denial of service (system crash) via a 32-bit application that attempts to execute a 64-bit application and then triggers a segmentation fault, as demonstrated by amd64_killer, related to the flush_old_exec function.

The connector layer in the Linux kernel before 2.6.31.5 does not require the CAP_SYS_ADMIN capability for certain interaction with the (1) uvesafb, (2) pohmelfs, (3) dst, or (4) dm subsystem, which allows local users to bypass intended access restrictions and gain privileges via calls to functions in these subsystems.

The Linux kernel before 2.6.31-rc7 does not initialize certain data structures within getname functions, which allows local users to read the contents of some kernel memory locations by calling getsockname on (1) an AF_APPLETALK socket, related to the atalk_getname function in net/appletalk/ddp.c; (2) an AF_IRDA socket, related to the irda_getname function in net/irda/af_irda.c; (3) an AF_ECONET socket, related to the econet_getname function in net/econet/af_econet.c; (4) an AF_NETROM socket, related to the nr_getname function in net/netrom/af_netrom.c; (5) an AF_ROSE socket, related to the rose_getname function in net/rose/af_rose.c; or (6) a raw CAN socket, related to the raw_getname function in net/can/raw.c.

The llc_ui_getname function in net/llc/af_llc.c in the Linux kernel 2.6.31-rc7 and earlier does not initialize a certain data structure, which allows local users to read the contents of some kernel memory locations by calling getsockname on an AF_LLC socket.

The udp_sendmsg function in the UDP implementation in (1) net/ipv4/udp.c and (2) net/ipv6/udp.c in the Linux kernel before 2.6.19 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and system crash) via vectors involving the MSG_MORE flag and a UDP socket.

neon before 0.28.6, when OpenSSL or GnuTLS is used, does not properly handle a '\0' character in a domain name in the subject's Common Name (CN) field of an X.509 certificate, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof arbitrary SSL servers via a crafted certificate issued by a legitimate Certification Authority, a related issue to CVE-2009-2408.

The personality subsystem in the Linux kernel before 2.6.31-rc3 has a PER_CLEAR_ON_SETID setting that does not clear the ADDR_COMPAT_LAYOUT and MMAP_PAGE_ZERO flags when executing a setuid or setgid program, which makes it easier for local users to leverage the details of memory usage to (1) conduct NULL pointer dereference attacks, (2) bypass the mmap_min_addr protection mechanism, or (3) defeat address space layout randomization (ASLR).

The acl_group_override function in smbd/posix_acls.c in smbd in Samba 3.0.x before 3.0.35, 3.1.x and 3.2.x before 3.2.13, and 3.3.x before 3.3.6, when dos filemode is enabled, allows remote attackers to modify access control lists for files via vectors related to read access to uninitialized memory.

Multiple buffer overflows in the cifs subsystem in the Linux kernel before 2.6.29.4 allow remote CIFS servers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption) and possibly have unspecified other impact via (1) a malformed Unicode string, related to Unicode string area alignment in fs/cifs/sess.c; or (2) long Unicode characters, related to fs/cifs/cifssmb.c and the cifs_readdir function in fs/cifs/readdir.c.

Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in Mozilla Firefox 3.x before 3.0.5 and 2.x before 2.0.0.19, Thunderbird 2.x before 2.0.0.19, and SeaMonkey 1.x before 1.1.14 allow remote attackers to run arbitrary JavaScript with chrome privileges via unknown vectors in which "page content can pollute XPCNativeWrappers."