The TCP implementation in (1) Linux, (2) platforms based on BSD Unix, (3) Microsoft Windows, (4) Cisco products, and probably other operating systems allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (connection queue exhaustion) via multiple vectors that manipulate information in the TCP state table, as demonstrated by sockstress.

The IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) implementation in (1) FreeBSD 6.3 through 7.1, (2) OpenBSD 4.2 and 4.3, (3) NetBSD, (4) Force10 FTOS before E7.7.1.1, (5) Juniper JUNOS, and (6) Wind River VxWorks 5.x through 6.4 does not validate the origin of Neighbor Discovery messages, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (loss of connectivity) or read private network traffic via a spoofed message that modifies the Forward Information Base (FIB).

Stack-based buffer overflow in the command_Expand_Interpret function in command.c in ppp (aka user-ppp), as distributed in FreeBSD 6.3 and 7.0, OpenBSD 4.1 and 4.2, and the net/userppp package for NetBSD, allows local users to gain privileges via long commands containing "~" characters.

Multiple race conditions in the (1) Sudo monitor mode and (2) Sysjail policies in Systrace on NetBSD and OpenBSD allow local users to defeat system call interposition, and consequently bypass access control policy and auditing.

The Xsession script, as used by X Display Manager (xdm) in NetBSD before 20060212, X.Org before 20060317, and Solaris 8 through 10 before 20061006, allows local users to overwrite arbitrary files, or read another user's Xsession errors file, via a symlink attack on a /tmp/xses-$USER file.

Multiple syscalls in the compat subsystem for NetBSD before 2.0 allow local users to cause a denial of service (kernel crash) via a large signal number to (1) xxx_sys_kill, (2) xxx_sys_sigaction, and possibly other translation functions.

TCP, when using a large Window Size, makes it easier for remote attackers to guess sequence numbers and cause a denial of service (connection loss) to persistent TCP connections by repeatedly injecting a TCP RST packet, especially in protocols that use long-lived connections, such as BGP.

The iBCS2 system call translator for statfs in NetBSD 1.5 through 1.5.3 and FreeBSD 4 up to 4.8-RELEASE-p2 and 5 up to 5.1-RELEASE-p1 allows local users to read portions of kernel memory (memory disclosure) via a large length parameter, which copies additional kernel memory into userland memory.

Multiple integer overflows in the font libraries for XFree86 4.3.0 allow local or remote attackers to cause a denial of service or execute arbitrary code via heap-based and stack-based buffer overflow attacks.

A "potential buffer overflow in ruleset parsing" for Sendmail 8.12.9, when using the nonstandard rulesets (1) recipient (2), final, or (3) mailer-specific envelope recipients, has unknown consequences.

The prescan function in Sendmail 8.12.9 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via buffer overflow attacks, as demonstrated using the parseaddr function in parseaddr.c.

Off-by-one error in the fb_realpath() function, as derived from the realpath function in BSD, may allow attackers to execute arbitrary code, as demonstrated in wu-ftpd 2.5.0 through 2.6.2 via commands that cause pathnames of length MAXPATHLEN+1 to trigger a buffer overflow, including (1) STOR, (2) RETR, (3) APPE, (4) DELE, (5) MKD, (6) RMD, (7) STOU, or (8) RNTO.

The OSI networking kernel (sys/netiso) in NetBSD 1.6.1 and earlier does not use a BSD-required "PKTHDR" mbuf when sending certain error responses to the sender of an OSI packet, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (kernel panic or crash) via certain OSI packets.

Buffer overflow in setlocale in libc on NetBSD 1.4.x through 1.6, and possibly other operating systems, when called with the LC_ALL category, allows local attackers to execute arbitrary code via a user-controlled locale string that has more than 6 elements, which exceeds the boundaries of the new_categories category array, as exploitable through programs such as xterm and zsh.

NetBSD 1.4 through 1.6 beta allows local users to cause a denial of service (kernel panic) via a series of calls to the TIOCSCTTY ioctl, which causes an integer overflow in a structure counter and sets the counter to zero, which frees memory that is still in use by other processes.

Buffer overflow in (1) mrinfo, (2) mtrace, and (3) pppd in NetBSD 1.4.x through 1.6 allows local users to gain privileges by executing the programs after filling the file descriptor tables, which produces file descriptors larger than FD_SETSIZE, which are not checked by FD_SET().

Buffer overflow in trek on NetBSD 1.5 through 1.5.3 allows local users to gain privileges via long keyboard input.

Buffer overflow in tryelf() in readelf.c of the file command allows attackers to execute arbitrary code as the user running file, possibly via a large entity size value in an ELF header (elfhdr.e_shentsize).

Buffer overflow in Sendmail 5.79 to 8.12.7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via certain formatted address fields, related to sender and recipient header comments as processed by the crackaddr function of headers.c.

Multiple ethernet Network Interface Card (NIC) device drivers do not pad frames with null bytes, which allows remote attackers to obtain information from previous packets or kernel memory by using malformed packets, as demonstrated by Etherleak.