In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

USB: gadgetfs: Fix race between mounting and unmounting

The syzbot fuzzer and Gerald Lee have identified a use-after-free bug
in the gadgetfs driver, involving processes concurrently mounting and
unmounting the gadgetfs filesystem.  In particular, gadgetfs_fill_super()
can race with gadgetfs_kill_sb(), causing the latter to deallocate
the_device while the former is using it.  The output from KASAN says,
in part:

BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in instrument_atomic_read_write include/linux/instrumented.h:102 [inline]
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in atomic_fetch_sub_release include/linux/atomic/atomic-instrumented.h:176 [inline]
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in __refcount_sub_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:272 [inline]
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in __refcount_dec_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:315 [inline]
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in refcount_dec_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:333 [inline]
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in put_dev drivers/usb/gadget/legacy/inode.c:159 [inline]
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in gadgetfs_kill_sb+0x33/0x100 drivers/usb/gadget/legacy/inode.c:2086
Write of size 4 at addr ffff8880276d7840 by task syz-executor126/18689

CPU: 0 PID: 18689 Comm: syz-executor126 Not tainted 6.1.0-syzkaller #0
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/26/2022
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
...
 atomic_fetch_sub_release include/linux/atomic/atomic-instrumented.h:176 [inline]
 __refcount_sub_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:272 [inline]
 __refcount_dec_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:315 [inline]
 refcount_dec_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:333 [inline]
 put_dev drivers/usb/gadget/legacy/inode.c:159 [inline]
 gadgetfs_kill_sb+0x33/0x100 drivers/usb/gadget/legacy/inode.c:2086
 deactivate_locked_super+0xa7/0xf0 fs/super.c:332
 vfs_get_super fs/super.c:1190 [inline]
 get_tree_single+0xd0/0x160 fs/super.c:1207
 vfs_get_tree+0x88/0x270 fs/super.c:1531
 vfs_fsconfig_locked fs/fsopen.c:232 [inline]

The simplest solution is to ensure that gadgetfs_fill_super() and
gadgetfs_kill_sb() are serialized by making them both acquire a new
mutex.

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/616fd34d017000ecf9097368b13d8a266f4920b3 [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/856e4b5e53f21edbd15d275dde62228dd94fb2b4 [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9a39f4626b361ee7aa10fd990401c37ec3b466ae [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a2e075f40122d8daf587db126c562a67abd69cf9 [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d18dcfe9860e842f394e37ba01ca9440ab2178f4 [No types assigned]