In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

netfilter: fix use-after-free in __nf_register_net_hook()

We must not dereference @new_hooks after nf_hook_mutex has been released,
because other threads might have freed our allocated hooks already.

BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in nf_hook_entries_get_hook_ops include/linux/netfilter.h:130 [inline]
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in hooks_validate net/netfilter/core.c:171 [inline]
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in __nf_register_net_hook+0x77a/0x820 net/netfilter/core.c:438
Read of size 2 at addr ffff88801c1a8000 by task syz-executor237/4430

CPU: 1 PID: 4430 Comm: syz-executor237 Not tainted 5.17.0-rc5-syzkaller-00306-g2293be58d6a1 #0
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/01/2011
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:88 [inline]
 dump_stack_lvl+0xcd/0x134 lib/dump_stack.c:106
 print_address_description.constprop.0.cold+0x8d/0x336 mm/kasan/report.c:255
 __kasan_report mm/kasan/report.c:442 [inline]
 kasan_report.cold+0x83/0xdf mm/kasan/report.c:459
 nf_hook_entries_get_hook_ops include/linux/netfilter.h:130 [inline]
 hooks_validate net/netfilter/core.c:171 [inline]
 __nf_register_net_hook+0x77a/0x820 net/netfilter/core.c:438
 nf_register_net_hook+0x114/0x170 net/netfilter/core.c:571
 nf_register_net_hooks+0x59/0xc0 net/netfilter/core.c:587
 nf_synproxy_ipv6_init+0x85/0xe0 net/netfilter/nf_synproxy_core.c:1218
 synproxy_tg6_check+0x30d/0x560 net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6t_SYNPROXY.c:81
 xt_check_target+0x26c/0x9e0 net/netfilter/x_tables.c:1038
 check_target net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6_tables.c:530 [inline]
 find_check_entry.constprop.0+0x7f1/0x9e0 net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6_tables.c:573
 translate_table+0xc8b/0x1750 net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6_tables.c:735
 do_replace net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6_tables.c:1153 [inline]
 do_ip6t_set_ctl+0x56e/0xb90 net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6_tables.c:1639
 nf_setsockopt+0x83/0xe0 net/netfilter/nf_sockopt.c:101
 ipv6_setsockopt+0x122/0x180 net/ipv6/ipv6_sockglue.c:1024
 rawv6_setsockopt+0xd3/0x6a0 net/ipv6/raw.c:1084
 __sys_setsockopt+0x2db/0x610 net/socket.c:2180
 __do_sys_setsockopt net/socket.c:2191 [inline]
 __se_sys_setsockopt net/socket.c:2188 [inline]
 __x64_sys_setsockopt+0xba/0x150 net/socket.c:2188
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0x35/0xb0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae
RIP: 0033:0x7f65a1ace7d9
Code: 28 00 00 00 75 05 48 83 c4 28 c3 e8 71 15 00 00 90 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 b8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48
RSP: 002b:00007f65a1a7f308 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000036
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000006 RCX: 00007f65a1ace7d9
RDX: 0000000000000040 RSI: 0000000000000029 RDI: 0000000000000003
RBP: 00007f65a1b574c8 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000020000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00007f65a1b55130
R13: 00007f65a1b574c0 R14: 00007f65a1b24090 R15: 0000000000022000
 </TASK>

The buggy address belongs to the page:
page:ffffea0000706a00 refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x1c1a8
flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000000000 ffffea0001c1b108 ffffea000046dd08 0000000000000000
raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: kasan: bad access detected
page_owner tracks the page as freed
page last allocated via order 2, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x52dc0(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_NOWARN|__GFP_NORETRY|__GFP_COMP|__GFP_ZERO), pid 4430, ts 1061781545818, free_ts 1061791488993
 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:2434 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0xa72/0x2f50 mm/page_alloc.c:4165
 __alloc_pages+0x1b2/0x500 mm/page_alloc.c:5389
 __alloc_pages_node include/linux/gfp.h:572 [inline]
 alloc_pages_node include/linux/gfp.h:595 [inline]
 kmalloc_large_node+0x62/0x130 mm/slub.c:4438
 __kmalloc_node+0x35a/0x4a0 mm/slub.
---truncated---

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/05f7927b25d2635e87267ff6c79db79fb46cf313 [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/49c24579cec41e32f13d57b337fd28fb208d4a5b [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/56763f12b0f02706576a088e85ef856deacc98a0 [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5a8076e98dde17224dd47283b894a8b1dbe1bc72 [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8b0142c4143c1ca297dcf2c0cdd045d65dae2344 [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bd61f192a339b1095dfd6d56073a5265934c2979 [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bdd8fc1b826e6f23963f5bef3f7431c6188ec954 [No types assigned]