In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ext4: fix corruption during on-line resize

We observed a corruption during on-line resize of a file system that is
larger than 16 TiB with 4k block size. With having more then 2^32 blocks
resize_inode is turned off by default by mke2fs. The issue can be
reproduced on a smaller file system for convenience by explicitly
turning off resize_inode. An on-line resize across an 8 GiB boundary (the
size of a meta block group in this setup) then leads to a corruption:

  dev=/dev/<some_dev> # should be >= 16 GiB
  mkdir -p /corruption
  /sbin/mke2fs -t ext4 -b 4096 -O ^resize_inode $dev $((2 * 2**21 - 2**15))
  mount -t ext4 $dev /corruption

  dd if=/dev/zero bs=4096 of=/corruption/test count=$((2*2**21 - 4*2**15))
  sha1sum /corruption/test
  # 79d2658b39dcfd77274e435b0934028adafaab11  /corruption/test

  /sbin/resize2fs $dev $((2*2**21))
  # drop page cache to force reload the block from disk
  echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

  sha1sum /corruption/test
  # 3c2abc63cbf1a94c9e6977e0fbd72cd832c4d5c3  /corruption/test

2^21 = 2^15*2^6 equals 8 GiB whereof 2^15 is the number of blocks per
block group and 2^6 are the number of block groups that make a meta
block group.

The last checksum might be different depending on how the file is laid
out across the physical blocks. The actual corruption occurs at physical
block 63*2^15 = 2064384 which would be the location of the backup of the
meta block group's block descriptor. During the on-line resize the file
system will be converted to meta_bg starting at s_first_meta_bg which is
2 in the example - meaning all block groups after 16 GiB. However, in
ext4_flex_group_add we might add block groups that are not part of the
first meta block group yet. In the reproducer we achieved this by
substracting the size of a whole block group from the point where the
meta block group would start. This must be considered when updating the
backup block group descriptors to follow the non-meta_bg layout. The fix
is to add a test whether the group to add is already part of the meta
block group or not.

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/239c669edb2bffa1aa2612519b1d438ab35d6be6 [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/37b6a3ba793bbbae057f5b991970ebcc52cb3db5 [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/722d2c01b8b108f8283d1b7222209d5b2a5aa7bd [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/75cc31c2e7193b69f5d25650bda5bb42ed92f8a1 [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a6b3bfe176e8a5b05ec4447404e412c2a3fc92cc [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b461910af8ba3bed80f48c2bf852686d05c6fc5c [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e8e8b197317228b5089ed9e7802dadf3ccaa027a [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ee4e9c1976147a850f6085a13fca95bcaa00d84c [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fb1088d51bbaa0faec5a55d4f5818a9ab79e24df [No types assigned]