In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

raid1: fix use-after-free for original bio in raid1_write_request()

r1_bio->bios[] is used to record new bios that will be issued to
underlying disks, however, in raid1_write_request(), r1_bio->bios[]
will set to the original bio temporarily. Meanwhile, if blocked rdev
is set, free_r1bio() will be called causing that all r1_bio->bios[]
to be freed:

raid1_write_request()
 r1_bio = alloc_r1bio(mddev, bio); -> r1_bio->bios[] is NULL
 for (i = 0;  i < disks; i++) -> for each rdev in conf
  // first rdev is normal
  r1_bio->bios[0] = bio; -> set to original bio
  // second rdev is blocked
  if (test_bit(Blocked, &rdev->flags))
   break

 if (blocked_rdev)
  free_r1bio()
   put_all_bios()
    bio_put(r1_bio->bios[0]) -> original bio is freed

Test scripts:

mdadm -CR /dev/md0 -l1 -n4 /dev/sd[abcd] --assume-clean
fio -filename=/dev/md0 -ioengine=libaio -rw=write -bs=4k -numjobs=1 \
    -iodepth=128 -name=test -direct=1
echo blocked > /sys/block/md0/md/rd2/state

Test result:

BUG bio-264 (Not tainted): Object already free
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Allocated in mempool_alloc_slab+0x24/0x50 age=1 cpu=1 pid=869
 kmem_cache_alloc+0x324/0x480
 mempool_alloc_slab+0x24/0x50
 mempool_alloc+0x6e/0x220
 bio_alloc_bioset+0x1af/0x4d0
 blkdev_direct_IO+0x164/0x8a0
 blkdev_write_iter+0x309/0x440
 aio_write+0x139/0x2f0
 io_submit_one+0x5ca/0xb70
 __do_sys_io_submit+0x86/0x270
 __x64_sys_io_submit+0x22/0x30
 do_syscall_64+0xb1/0x210
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6c/0x74
Freed in mempool_free_slab+0x1f/0x30 age=1 cpu=1 pid=869
 kmem_cache_free+0x28c/0x550
 mempool_free_slab+0x1f/0x30
 mempool_free+0x40/0x100
 bio_free+0x59/0x80
 bio_put+0xf0/0x220
 free_r1bio+0x74/0xb0
 raid1_make_request+0xadf/0x1150
 md_handle_request+0xc7/0x3b0
 md_submit_bio+0x76/0x130
 __submit_bio+0xd8/0x1d0
 submit_bio_noacct_nocheck+0x1eb/0x5c0
 submit_bio_noacct+0x169/0xd40
 submit_bio+0xee/0x1d0
 blkdev_direct_IO+0x322/0x8a0
 blkdev_write_iter+0x309/0x440
 aio_write+0x139/0x2f0

Since that bios for underlying disks are not allocated yet, fix this
problem by using mempool_free() directly to free the r1_bio.

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3f28d49a328fe20926995d5fbdc92da665596268 [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f423f41b7679c09abb26d2bd54be5cbef23c9446 [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fcf3f7e2fc8a53a6140beee46ec782a4c88e4744 [No types assigned]