In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

f2fs: don't set RO when shutting down f2fs

Shutdown does not check the error of thaw_super due to readonly, which
causes a deadlock like below.

f2fs_ioc_shutdown(F2FS_GOING_DOWN_FULLSYNC)        issue_discard_thread
 - bdev_freeze
  - freeze_super
 - f2fs_stop_checkpoint()
  - f2fs_handle_critical_error                     - sb_start_write
    - set RO                                         - waiting
 - bdev_thaw
  - thaw_super_locked
    - return -EINVAL, if sb_rdonly()
 - f2fs_stop_discard_thread
  -> wait for kthread_stop(discard_thread);

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1036d3ea7a32cb7cee00885c73a1f2ba7fbc499a [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3bdb7f161697e2d5123b89fe1778ef17a44858e7 [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f47ed3b284b38f235355e281f57dfa8fffcc6563 [No types assigned]