In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

driver core: Fix uevent_show() vs driver detach race

uevent_show() wants to de-reference dev->driver->name. There is no clean
way for a device attribute to de-reference dev->driver unless that
attribute is defined via (struct device_driver).dev_groups. Instead, the
anti-pattern of taking the device_lock() in the attribute handler risks
deadlocks with code paths that remove device attributes while holding
the lock.

This deadlock is typically invisible to lockdep given the device_lock()
is marked lockdep_set_novalidate_class(), but some subsystems allocate a
local lockdep key for @dev->mutex to reveal reports of the form:

 ======================================================
 WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected
 6.10.0-rc7+ #275 Tainted: G           OE    N
 ------------------------------------------------------
 modprobe/2374 is trying to acquire lock:
 ffff8c2270070de0 (kn->active#6){++++}-{0:0}, at: __kernfs_remove+0xde/0x220

 but task is already holding lock:
 ffff8c22016e88f8 (&cxl_root_key){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: device_release_driver_internal+0x39/0x210

 which lock already depends on the new lock.

 the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is:

 -> #1 (&cxl_root_key){+.+.}-{3:3}:
        __mutex_lock+0x99/0xc30
        uevent_show+0xac/0x130
        dev_attr_show+0x18/0x40
        sysfs_kf_seq_show+0xac/0xf0
        seq_read_iter+0x110/0x450
        vfs_read+0x25b/0x340
        ksys_read+0x67/0xf0
        do_syscall_64+0x75/0x190
        entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e

 -> #0 (kn->active#6){++++}-{0:0}:
        __lock_acquire+0x121a/0x1fa0
        lock_acquire+0xd6/0x2e0
        kernfs_drain+0x1e9/0x200
        __kernfs_remove+0xde/0x220
        kernfs_remove_by_name_ns+0x5e/0xa0
        device_del+0x168/0x410
        device_unregister+0x13/0x60
        devres_release_all+0xb8/0x110
        device_unbind_cleanup+0xe/0x70
        device_release_driver_internal+0x1c7/0x210
        driver_detach+0x47/0x90
        bus_remove_driver+0x6c/0xf0
        cxl_acpi_exit+0xc/0x11 [cxl_acpi]
        __do_sys_delete_module.isra.0+0x181/0x260
        do_syscall_64+0x75/0x190
        entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e

The observation though is that driver objects are typically much longer
lived than device objects. It is reasonable to perform lockless
de-reference of a @driver pointer even if it is racing detach from a
device. Given the infrequency of driver unregistration, use
synchronize_rcu() in module_remove_driver() to close any potential
races.  It is potentially overkill to suffer synchronize_rcu() just to
handle the rare module removal racing uevent_show() event.

Thanks to Tetsuo Handa for the debug analysis of the syzbot report [1].

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/15fffc6a5624b13b428bb1c6e9088e32a55eb82c [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/49ea4e0d862632d51667da5e7a9c88a560e9c5a1 [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4a7c2a8387524942171037e70b80e969c3b5c05b [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4d035c743c3e391728a6f81cbf0f7f9ca700cf62 [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9c23fc327d6ec67629b4ad323bd64d3834c0417d [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cd490a247ddf325325fd0de8898659400c9237ef [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dd98c9630b7ee273da87e9a244f94ddf947161e2 [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f098e8fc7227166206256c18d56ab622039108b1 [No types assigned]