In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

btrfs: do not clear page dirty inside extent_write_locked_range()

[BUG]
For subpage + zoned case, the following workload can lead to rsv data
leak at unmount time:

  # mkfs.btrfs -f -s 4k $dev
  # mount $dev $mnt
  # fsstress -w -n 8 -d $mnt -s 1709539240
  0/0: fiemap - no filename
  0/1: copyrange read - no filename
  0/2: write - no filename
  0/3: rename - no source filename
  0/4: creat f0 x:0 0 0
  0/4: creat add id=0,parent=-1
  0/5: writev f0[259 1 0 0 0 0] [778052,113,965] 0
  0/6: ioctl(FIEMAP) f0[259 1 0 0 224 887097] [1294220,2291618343991484791,0x10000] -1
  0/7: dwrite - xfsctl(XFS_IOC_DIOINFO) f0[259 1 0 0 224 887097] return 25, fallback to stat()
  0/7: dwrite f0[259 1 0 0 224 887097] [696320,102400] 0
  # umount $mnt

The dmesg includes the following rsv leak detection warning (all call
trace skipped):

  ------------[ cut here ]------------
  WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 4528 at fs/btrfs/inode.c:8653 btrfs_destroy_inode+0x1e0/0x200 [btrfs]
  ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
  ------------[ cut here ]------------
  WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 4528 at fs/btrfs/inode.c:8654 btrfs_destroy_inode+0x1a8/0x200 [btrfs]
  ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
  ------------[ cut here ]------------
  WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 4528 at fs/btrfs/inode.c:8660 btrfs_destroy_inode+0x1a0/0x200 [btrfs]
  ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
  BTRFS info (device sda): last unmount of filesystem 1b4abba9-de34-4f07-9e7f-157cf12a18d6
  ------------[ cut here ]------------
  WARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 4528 at fs/btrfs/block-group.c:4434 btrfs_free_block_groups+0x338/0x500 [btrfs]
  ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
  BTRFS info (device sda): space_info DATA has 268218368 free, is not full
  BTRFS info (device sda): space_info total=268435456, used=204800, pinned=0, reserved=0, may_use=12288, readonly=0 zone_unusable=0
  BTRFS info (device sda): global_block_rsv: size 0 reserved 0
  BTRFS info (device sda): trans_block_rsv: size 0 reserved 0
  BTRFS info (device sda): chunk_block_rsv: size 0 reserved 0
  BTRFS info (device sda): delayed_block_rsv: size 0 reserved 0
  BTRFS info (device sda): delayed_refs_rsv: size 0 reserved 0
  ------------[ cut here ]------------
  WARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 4528 at fs/btrfs/block-group.c:4434 btrfs_free_block_groups+0x338/0x500 [btrfs]
  ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
  BTRFS info (device sda): space_info METADATA has 267796480 free, is not full
  BTRFS info (device sda): space_info total=268435456, used=131072, pinned=0, reserved=0, may_use=262144, readonly=0 zone_unusable=245760
  BTRFS info (device sda): global_block_rsv: size 0 reserved 0
  BTRFS info (device sda): trans_block_rsv: size 0 reserved 0
  BTRFS info (device sda): chunk_block_rsv: size 0 reserved 0
  BTRFS info (device sda): delayed_block_rsv: size 0 reserved 0
  BTRFS info (device sda): delayed_refs_rsv: size 0 reserved 0

Above $dev is a tcmu-runner emulated zoned HDD, which has a max zone
append size of 64K, and the system has 64K page size.

[CAUSE]
I have added several trace_printk() to show the events (header skipped):

  > btrfs_dirty_pages: r/i=5/259 dirty start=774144 len=114688
  > btrfs_dirty_pages: r/i=5/259 dirty part of page=720896 off_in_page=53248 len_in_page=12288
  > btrfs_dirty_pages: r/i=5/259 dirty part of page=786432 off_in_page=0 len_in_page=65536
  > btrfs_dirty_pages: r/i=5/259 dirty part of page=851968 off_in_page=0 len_in_page=36864

The above lines show our buffered write has dirtied 3 pages of inode
259 of root 5:

  704K             768K              832K              896K
  I           |////I/////////////////I///////////|     I
              756K                               868K

  |///| is the dirtied range using subpage bitmaps. and 'I' is the page
  boundary.

  Meanwhile all three pages (704K, 768K, 832K) have their PageDirty
  flag set.

  > btrfs_direct_write: r/i=5/259 start dio filepos=696320 len=102400

Then direct IO writ
---truncated---

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/97713b1a2ced1e4a2a6c40045903797ebd44d7e0 [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ba4dedb71356638d8284e34724daca944be70368 [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d3b403209f767e5857c1b9fda66726e6e6ffc99f [No types assigned]