In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

mm/hugetlb: fix memfd_pin_folios free_huge_pages leak

memfd_pin_folios followed by unpin_folios fails to restore free_huge_pages
if the pages were not already faulted in, because the folio refcount for
pages created by memfd_alloc_folio never goes to 0.  memfd_pin_folios
needs another folio_put to undo the folio_try_get below:

memfd_alloc_folio()
  alloc_hugetlb_folio_nodemask()
    dequeue_hugetlb_folio_nodemask()
      dequeue_hugetlb_folio_node_exact()
        folio_ref_unfreeze(folio, 1);    ; adds 1 refcount
  folio_try_get()                        ; adds 1 refcount
  hugetlb_add_to_page_cache()            ; adds 512 refcount (on x86)

With the fix, after memfd_pin_folios + unpin_folios, the refcount for the
(unfaulted) page is 512, which is correct, as the refcount for a faulted
unpinned page is 513.

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/59e081ff2e91bbf19b8c1ecb75b031f778858383 [No types assigned]

kernel.org https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c56b6f3d801d7ec8965993342bdd9e2972b6cb8e [No types assigned]