In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

net/sched: cls_api: fix error handling causing NULL dereference

tcf_exts_miss_cookie_base_alloc() calls xa_alloc_cyclic() which can
return 1 if the allocation succeeded after wrapping. This was treated as
an error, with value 1 returned to caller tcf_exts_init_ex() which sets
exts->actions to NULL and returns 1 to caller fl_change().

fl_change() treats err == 1 as success, calling tcf_exts_validate_ex()
which calls tcf_action_init() with exts->actions as argument, where it
is dereferenced.

Example trace:

BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000
CPU: 114 PID: 16151 Comm: handler114 Kdump: loaded Not tainted 5.14.0-503.16.1.el9_5.x86_64 #1
RIP: 0010:tcf_action_init+0x1f8/0x2c0
Call Trace:
 tcf_action_init+0x1f8/0x2c0
 tcf_exts_validate_ex+0x175/0x190
 fl_change+0x537/0x1120 [cls_flower]

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/071ed42cff4fcdd89025d966d48eabef59913bf2

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3c74b5787caf59bb1e9c5fe0a360643a71eb1e8a

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3e4c56cf41876ef2a82f0877fe2a67648f8632b8

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/de4b679aa3b4da7ec34f639df068b914f20e3c3c