In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

MIPS: DEC: Ensure 32-bit stack location for o32 prom_printf()

In 64-bit configurations calling any firmware entry points from a kernel
thread other than the initial one will result in a situation where the
stack has been placed in the XKPHYS 64-bit memory segment.

Consequently the stack pointer is no longer a 32-bit value and when the
32-bit firmware code called uses 32-bit ALU operations to manipulate the
stack pointer, the calculated result is incorrect (in fact in the 64-bit
MIPS ISA almost all 32-bit ALU operations will produce an unpredictable
result when executed on 64-bit data) and control goes astray.

This may happen when no final console driver has been enabled in the
configuration and consequently the initial console continues being used
late into bootstrap, or with an upcoming change that will switch the zs
driver to use a platform device, which in turn will make the console
handover happen only after other kernel threads have already been
started, and the kernel will hang at:

  pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301

or somewhat later, but always before:

  cblist_init_generic: Setting adjustable number of callback queues.

has been printed.

It seems that only the prom_printf() entry point is affected.  Of all
the other entry points wired only rex_slot_address() and rex_gettcinfo()
are called from a kernel thread other than the initial one, specifically
kernel_init(), and they are leaf functions that do no business with the
stack, having worked with no issue ever since 64-bit support was added
for the platform back in 2002.

To address this issue then, arrange for the stack to be switched in the
o32 wrapper as required for prom_printf() only, by supplying call_o32()
with a pointer to a chunk of initdata space, which is placed in the
CKSEG0 32-bit compatibility segment, observing that prom_printf() is
only called from console output handler and therefore with the console
lock held, implying no need for this code to be reentrant.

Other firmware entry points may be called with interrupts enabled and no
lock held, and may therefore require that call_o32() be reentrant.  They
trigger no issue at this point and "if it ain't broke, don't fix it," so
just leave them alone.

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1ed18b5c3be9657fe288fa4dae0bef2470598683

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/27857db30c98583e12dd8d939ba2370bce08a5be

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3394757c5d3970ab36d2aafa6dd40952b43f0d16

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3ae86630b94f72bf4012c6322f81f622dc4fdf24

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5ff79e8bdc75db51e30298a75939e2308e7658e0

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9cd4a8ed12d2a6313592e43c14cca5eca6717bee

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d3fd2d358df0ca712183509cbbed6a16bde1d17e

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d828bca84311e278093e60b2864a54f4bbb0c2ad

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