In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ocfs2/dlm: require a ref for locking_state debugfs open

debug_lockres_open() copies inode->i_private into struct debug_lockres and
debug_lockres_release() later drops that pointer with dlm_put().  That
only works if open successfully pins the struct dlm_ctxt.

Today open calls dlm_grab(dlm) but ignores its return value.  Once the
last domain unregister has removed the context from dlm_domains,
dlm_grab() returns NULL, yet open still stores the raw pointer and returns
success.  The later release path is outside the debugfs removal barrier,
so it can call dlm_put() after dlm_free_ctxt_mem() has freed the context. 
KASAN reports this as a slab-use-after-free in dlm_put() called from
debug_lockres_release().

Fail the open when dlm_grab() cannot acquire the reference and unwind the
seq_file private state before returning.  That keeps locking_state from
handing out a file descriptor whose release path does not own the
dlm_ctxt.

The buggy scenario involves two paths, with each column showing the order
within that path:

locking_state debugfs open:          last domain unregister:
1. debug_lockres_open() reads        1. dlm_unregister_domain() calls
   inode->i_private.                    dlm_complete_dlm_shutdown().
2. debug_lockres_open() calls        2. shutdown removes the dlm_ctxt from
   dlm_grab(dlm) and gets NULL.         dlm_domains.
3. open still stores the raw dlm     3. final teardown reaches
   pointer in dl->dl_ctxt and           dlm_free_ctxt_mem() and frees it.
   returns success.
4. debug_lockres_release() later
   calls dlm_put(dl->dl_ctxt).

Validation reproduced this kernel report:
KASAN slab-use-after-free in dlm_put+0x82/0x200
RIP: 0033:0x7f4d349bc9e0
The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff888103a3c000 which belongs
to the cache kmalloc-2k of size 2048
The buggy address is located 816 bytes inside of freed 2048-byte region
[ffff888103a3c000, ffff888103a3c800)
Write of size 4
Call trace:
  dump_stack_lvl+0x66/0xa0 (?:?)
  print_report+0xd0/0x630 (?:?)
  dlm_put+0x82/0x200 (?:?)
  srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 (?:?)
  __virt_addr_valid+0x188/0x2f0 (?:?)
  kasan_report+0xe4/0x120 (?:?)
  kasan_check_range+0x105/0x1b0 (?:?)
  debug_lockres_release+0x53/0x80 (fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmdebug.c:587)
  dlm_put+0x9/0x200 (?:?)
  debug_lockres_release+0x5c/0x80 (fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmdebug.c:587)
  full_proxy_release+0x67/0x90 (?:?)
  __fput+0x1df/0x4b0 (?:?)
  do_raw_spin_lock+0x10f/0x1b0 (?:?)
  fput_close_sync+0xd2/0x170 (?:?)
  __x64_sys_close+0x55/0x90 (?:?)
  do_syscall_64+0x10c/0x640 (arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:87)
  irqentry_exit+0xac/0x6e0 (?:?)
  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f (?:?)
Freed by task stack:
  kasan_save_stack+0x33/0x60 (?:?)
  kasan_save_track+0x14/0x30 (?:?)
  kasan_save_free_info+0x3b/0x60 (?:?)
  __kasan_slab_free+0x5f/0x80 (?:?)
  kfree+0x30f/0x580 (?:?)
  dlm_put+0x1ce/0x200 (?:?)
  dlm_unregister_domain+0xf6/0xb30 (?:?)
  o2cb_cluster_disconnect+0x6b/0x90 (?:?)
  ocfs2_cluster_disconnect+0x41/0x70 (?:?)
  ocfs2_dlm_shutdown+0x1c4/0x220 (?:?)
  ocfs2_dismount_volume+0x38a/0x550 (?:?)
  generic_shutdown_super+0xc3/0x220 (?:?)
  kill_block_super+0x29/0x60 (?:?)
  deactivate_locked_super+0x66/0xe0 (?:?)
  cleanup_mnt+0x13d/0x210 (?:?)
  task_work_run+0xfa/0x170 (?:?)
  exit_to_user_mode_loop+0xd6/0x430 (?:?)
  do_syscall_64+0x3cb/0x640 (arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:87)
  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f (?:?)

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/03ad858ce8064861ea580021976dc19b7aabb549

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5bee5d5f67aedd26d2b72e00e49dd93331fbcc30

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6cc93dea4078cbcddee63fa2234e382a76600464

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/90a6512425414098a63fc97b77bed089c75d106b

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9c81c1a61a52b6ecf0d14f1dbd95f154a7a9e92a

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a087b2d3411e7f9df71ba3293596923ee2c70d65

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a09831214912a1f270663d935613910fafd8d883

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aa7883b6a3c76301a3299deb34de948e73bb6a08

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