The TCP implementation in (1) Linux, (2) platforms based on BSD Unix, (3) Microsoft Windows, (4) Cisco products, and probably other operating systems allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (connection queue exhaustion) via multiple vectors that manipulate information in the TCP state table, as demonstrated by sockstress.

Buffer overflow in bootpd on OpenBSD, FreeBSD, and Linux systems via a malformed header type.

Inverse query buffer overflow in BIND 4.9 and BIND 8 Releases.

The system configuration control (sysctl) facility in BSD based operating systems OpenBSD 2.2 and earlier, and FreeBSD 2.2.5 and earlier, does not properly restrict source routed packets even when the (1) dosourceroute or (2) forwarding variables are set, which allows remote attackers to spoof TCP connections.

File creation and deletion, and remote execution, in the BSD line printer daemon (lpd).

Buffer overflow in Xt library of X Windowing System allows local users to execute commands with root privileges.

NFS cache poisoning.

Buffer overflow of rlogin program using TERM environmental variable.

Sendmail decode alias can be used to overwrite sensitive files.

Local user gains root privileges via buffer overflow in rdist, via lookup() function.

pcnfsd (aka rpc.pcnfsd) allows local users to change file permissions, or execute arbitrary commands through arguments in the RPC call.

Buffer overflow in syslog utility allows local or remote attackers to gain root privileges.