lib/sounder/sound.rb in the sounder gem 1.0.1 for Ruby allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in a filename.

converter.rb in the md2pdf gem 0.0.1 for Ruby allows context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in a filename.

kelredd-pruview gem 0.3.8 for Ruby allows context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in a filename argument to (1) document.rb, (2) video.rb, or (3) video_image.rb.

The extract_from_ocr function in lib/docsplit/text_extractor.rb in the Karteek Docsplit (karteek-docsplit) gem 0.5.4 for Ruby allows context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in a PDF filename.

Devise gem 2.2.x before 2.2.3, 2.1.x before 2.1.3, 2.0.x before 2.0.5, and 1.5.x before 1.5.4 for Ruby, when using certain databases, does not properly perform type conversion when performing database queries, which might allow remote attackers to cause incorrect results to be returned and bypass security checks via unknown vectors, as demonstrated by resetting passwords of arbitrary accounts.

multi_xml gem 0.5.2 for Ruby, as used in Grape before 0.2.6 and possibly other products, does not properly restrict casts of string values, which allows remote attackers to conduct object-injection attacks and execute arbitrary code, or cause a denial of service (memory and CPU consumption) involving nested XML entity references, by leveraging support for (1) YAML type conversion or (2) Symbol type conversion, a similar vulnerability to CVE-2013-0156.

lib/ldoce/word.rb in the ldoce 0.0.2 gem for Ruby allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in (1) an mp3 URL or (2) file name.

Ruby (aka CRuby) before 1.8.7-p357 computes hash values without restricting the ability to trigger hash collisions predictably, which allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via crafted input to an application that maintains a hash table.

The SecureRandom.random_bytes function in lib/securerandom.rb in Ruby before 1.8.7-p352 and 1.9.x before 1.9.2-p290 relies on PID values for initialization, which makes it easier for context-dependent attackers to predict the result string by leveraging knowledge of random strings obtained in an earlier process with the same PID.

Ruby before 1.8.7-p352 does not reset the random seed upon forking, which makes it easier for context-dependent attackers to predict the values of random numbers by leveraging knowledge of the number sequence obtained in a different child process, a related issue to CVE-2003-0900. NOTE: this issue exists because of a regression during Ruby 1.8.6 development.

The VpMemAlloc function in bigdecimal.c in the BigDecimal class in Ruby 1.9.2-p136 and earlier, as used on Apple Mac OS X before 10.6.7 and other platforms, does not properly allocate memory, which allows context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via vectors involving creation of a large BigDecimal value within a 64-bit process, related to an "integer truncation issue."

WEBrick 1.3.1 in Ruby 1.8.6 through patchlevel 383, 1.8.7 through patchlevel 248, 1.8.8dev, 1.9.1 through patchlevel 376, and 1.9.2dev writes data to a log file without sanitizing non-printable characters, which might allow remote attackers to modify a window's title, or possibly execute arbitrary commands or overwrite files, via an HTTP request containing an escape sequence for a terminal emulator.

Directory traversal vulnerability in WEBrick in Ruby 1.8.4 and earlier, 1.8.5 before 1.8.5-p231, 1.8.6 before 1.8.6-p230, 1.8.7 before 1.8.7-p22, and 1.9.0 before 1.9.0-2, when using NTFS or FAT filesystems, allows remote attackers to read arbitrary CGI files via a trailing (1) + (plus), (2) %2b (encoded plus), (3) . (dot), (4) %2e (encoded dot), or (5) %20 (encoded space) character in the URI, possibly related to the WEBrick::HTTPServlet::FileHandler and WEBrick::HTTPServer.new functionality and the :DocumentRoot option.