The DNS protocol, as implemented in (1) BIND 8 and 9 before 9.5.0-P1, 9.4.2-P1, and 9.3.5-P1; (2) Microsoft DNS in Windows 2000 SP4, XP SP2 and SP3, and Server 2003 SP1 and SP2; and other implementations allow remote attackers to spoof DNS traffic via a birthday attack that uses in-bailiwick referrals to conduct cache poisoning against recursive resolvers, related to insufficient randomness of DNS transaction IDs and source ports, aka "DNS Insufficient Socket Entropy Vulnerability" or "the Kaminsky bug."

Unspecified vulnerability in Microsoft DNS in Windows 2000 SP4, Server 2003 SP1 and SP2, and Server 2008 allows remote attackers to conduct cache poisoning attacks via unknown vectors related to accepting "records from a response that is outside the remote server's authority," aka "DNS Cache Poisoning Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2008-1447.

Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, and Server 2003 SP1 and SP2, does not properly validate the option length field in Pragmatic General Multicast (PGM) packets, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop and system hang) via a crafted PGM packet, aka the "PGM Invalid Length Vulnerability."

Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Server 2003 SP1 and SP2, Vista Gold and SP1, and Server 2008 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (system hang) via a series of Pragmatic General Multicast (PGM) packets with invalid fragment options, aka the "PGM Malformed Fragment Vulnerability."

Apple Safari on Mac OS X, and before 3.1.2 on Windows, does not prompt the user before downloading an object that has an unrecognized content type, which allows remote attackers to place malware into the (1) Desktop directory on Windows or (2) Downloads directory on Mac OS X, and subsequently allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on Windows by leveraging an untrusted search path vulnerability in (a) Internet Explorer 7 on Windows XP or (b) the SearchPath function in Windows XP, Vista, and Server 2003 and 2008, aka a "Carpet Bomb" and a "Blended Threat Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability," a different issue than CVE-2008-1032. NOTE: Apple considers this a vulnerability only because the Microsoft products can load application libraries from the desktop and, as of 20080619, has not covered the issue in an advisory for Mac OS X.

Buffer overflow in the Microsoft HeartbeatCtl ActiveX control in HRTBEAT.OCX allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via the Host argument to an unspecified method.

Microsoft Windows XP Professional SP2, Vista, and Server 2003 and 2008 does not properly assign activities to the (1) NetworkService and (2) LocalService accounts, which might allow context-dependent attackers to gain privileges by using one service process to capture a resource from a second service process that has a LocalSystem privilege-escalation ability, related to improper management of the SeImpersonatePrivilege user right, as originally reported for Internet Information Services (IIS), aka Token Kidnapping.

The DNS client in Microsoft Windows 2000 SP4, XP SP2, Server 2003 SP1 and SP2, and Vista uses predictable DNS transaction IDs, which allows remote attackers to spoof DNS responses.

The setRequestHeader method of the XMLHttpRequest object in Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.01, 6, and 7 does not block dangerous HTTP request headers when certain 8-bit character sequences are appended to a header name, which allows remote attackers to (1) conduct HTTP request splitting and HTTP request smuggling attacks via an incorrect Content-Length header, (2) access arbitrary virtual hosts via a modified Host header, (3) bypass referrer restrictions via an incorrect Referer header, and (4) bypass the same-origin policy and obtain sensitive information via a crafted request header.

Use-after-free vulnerability in Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 SP1, 6 SP2, and and 7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by assigning malformed values to certain properties, as demonstrated using the by property of an animateMotion SVG element, aka "Property Memory Corruption Vulnerability."

The kernel in Microsoft Windows 2000 SP4, XP SP2, and Server 2003, when ICMP Router Discovery Protocol (RDP) is enabled, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via fragmented router advertisement ICMP packets that trigger an out-of-bounds read, aka "Windows Kernel TCP/IP/ICMP Vulnerability."

The DNS server in Microsoft Windows 2000 Server SP4, and Server 2003 SP1 and SP2, uses predictable transaction IDs when querying other DNS servers, which allows remote attackers to spoof DNS replies, poison the DNS cache, and facilitate further attack vectors.

NWFILTER.SYS in Novell Client 4.91 SP 1 through SP 4 for Windows 2000, XP, and Server 2003 makes the \.\nwfilter device available for arbitrary user-mode input via METHOD_NEITHER IOCTLs, which allows local users to gain privileges by passing a kernel address as an argument and overwriting kernel memory locations.

Microsoft Windows Explorer (explorer.exe) allows user-assisted remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via a certain PNG file with a large tEXt chunk that possibly triggers an integer overflow in PNG chunk size handling, as demonstrated by badlycrafted.png.

Microsoft XML Core Services (MSXML) 3.0 through 6.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via the substringData method on a (1) TextNode or (2) XMLDOM object, which causes an integer overflow that leads to a buffer overflow.

Integer overflow in the AttemptWrite function in Graphics Rendering Engine (GDI) on Microsoft Windows 2000 SP4, XP SP2, and Server 2003 SP1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted metafile (image) with a large record length value, which triggers a heap-based buffer overflow.

Buffer overflow in Collaboration Data Objects (CDO), as used in Microsoft Windows and Microsoft Exchange Server, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code when CDOSYS or CDOEX processes an e-mail message with a large header name, as demonstrated using the "Content-Type" string.

Heap-based buffer overflow in the Hrtbeat.ocx (Heartbeat) ActiveX control for Internet Explorer 5.01 through 6, when users who visit online gaming sites that are associated with MSN, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via the SetupData parameter.

The SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) component of Microsoft Windows XP 64-bit Edition, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 64-bit Edition, and the Exchange Routing Engine component of Exchange Server 2003, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a malicious DNS response message containing length values that are not properly validated.

Double free vulnerability in mshtml.dll for certain versions of Internet Explorer 6.x allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a malformed GIF image.