In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: smb3: missing lock when picking channel Coverity spotted a place where we should have been holding the channel lock when accessing the ses channel index. Addresses-Coverity: 1582039 ("Data race condition (MISSING_LOCK)")

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: smb3: fix lock ordering potential deadlock in cifs_sync_mid_result Coverity spotted that the cifs_sync_mid_result function could deadlock "Thread deadlock (ORDER_REVERSAL) lock_order: Calling spin_lock acquires lock TCP_Server_Info.srv_lock while holding lock TCP_Server_Info.mid_lock" Addresses-Coverity: 1590401 ("Thread deadlock (ORDER_REVERSAL)")

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: HID: i2c-hid: remove I2C_HID_READ_PENDING flag to prevent lock-up The flag I2C_HID_READ_PENDING is used to serialize I2C operations. However, this is not necessary, because I2C core already has its own locking for that. More importantly, this flag can cause a lock-up: if the flag is set in i2c_hid_xfer() and an interrupt happens, the interrupt handler (i2c_hid_irq) will check this flag and return immediately without doing anything, then the interrupt handler will be invoked again in an infinite loop. Since interrupt handler is an RT task, it takes over the CPU and the flag-clearing task never gets scheduled, thus we have a lock-up. Delete this unnecessary flag.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: cpu: Re-enable CPU mitigations by default for !X86 architectures Rename x86's to CPU_MITIGATIONS, define it in generic code, and force it on for all architectures exception x86. A recent commit to turn mitigations off by default if SPECULATION_MITIGATIONS=n kinda sorta missed that "cpu_mitigations" is completely generic, whereas SPECULATION_MITIGATIONS is x86-specific. Rename x86's SPECULATIVE_MITIGATIONS instead of keeping both and have it select CPU_MITIGATIONS, as having two configs for the same thing is unnecessary and confusing. This will also allow x86 to use the knob to manage mitigations that aren't strictly related to speculative execution. Use another Kconfig to communicate to common code that CPU_MITIGATIONS is already defined instead of having x86's menu depend on the common CPU_MITIGATIONS. This allows keeping a single point of contact for all of x86's mitigations, and it's not clear that other architectures *want* to allow disabling mitigations at compile-time.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ACPI: CPPC: Use access_width over bit_width for system memory accesses To align with ACPI 6.3+, since bit_width can be any 8-bit value, it cannot be depended on to be always on a clean 8b boundary. This was uncovered on the Cobalt 100 platform. SError Interrupt on CPU26, code 0xbe000011 -- SError CPU: 26 PID: 1510 Comm: systemd-udevd Not tainted 5.15.2.1-13 #1 Hardware name: MICROSOFT CORPORATION, BIOS MICROSOFT CORPORATION pstate: 62400009 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO +TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) pc : cppc_get_perf_caps+0xec/0x410 lr : cppc_get_perf_caps+0xe8/0x410 sp : ffff8000155ab730 x29: ffff8000155ab730 x28: ffff0080139d0038 x27: ffff0080139d0078 x26: 0000000000000000 x25: ffff0080139d0058 x24: 00000000ffffffff x23: ffff0080139d0298 x22: ffff0080139d0278 x21: 0000000000000000 x20: ffff00802b251910 x19: ffff0080139d0000 x18: ffffffffffffffff x17: 0000000000000000 x16: ffffdc7e111bad04 x15: ffff00802b251008 x14: ffffffffffffffff x13: ffff013f1fd63300 x12: 0000000000000006 x11: ffffdc7e128f4420 x10: 0000000000000000 x9 : ffffdc7e111badec x8 : ffff00802b251980 x7 : 0000000000000000 x6 : ffff0080139d0028 x5 : 0000000000000000 x4 : ffff0080139d0018 x3 : 00000000ffffffff x2 : 0000000000000008 x1 : ffff8000155ab7a0 x0 : 0000000000000000 Kernel panic - not syncing: Asynchronous SError Interrupt CPU: 26 PID: 1510 Comm: systemd-udevd Not tainted 5.15.2.1-13 #1 Hardware name: MICROSOFT CORPORATION, BIOS MICROSOFT CORPORATION Call trace: dump_backtrace+0x0/0x1e0 show_stack+0x24/0x30 dump_stack_lvl+0x8c/0xb8 dump_stack+0x18/0x34 panic+0x16c/0x384 add_taint+0x0/0xc0 arm64_serror_panic+0x7c/0x90 arm64_is_fatal_ras_serror+0x34/0xa4 do_serror+0x50/0x6c el1h_64_error_handler+0x40/0x74 el1h_64_error+0x7c/0x80 cppc_get_perf_caps+0xec/0x410 cppc_cpufreq_cpu_init+0x74/0x400 [cppc_cpufreq] cpufreq_online+0x2dc/0xa30 cpufreq_add_dev+0xc0/0xd4 subsys_interface_register+0x134/0x14c cpufreq_register_driver+0x1b0/0x354 cppc_cpufreq_init+0x1a8/0x1000 [cppc_cpufreq] do_one_initcall+0x50/0x250 do_init_module+0x60/0x27c load_module+0x2300/0x2570 __do_sys_finit_module+0xa8/0x114 __arm64_sys_finit_module+0x2c/0x3c invoke_syscall+0x78/0x100 el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x180/0x1a0 do_el0_svc+0x84/0xa0 el0_svc+0x2c/0xc0 el0t_64_sync_handler+0xa4/0x12c el0t_64_sync+0x1a4/0x1a8 Instead, use access_width to determine the size and use the offset and width to shift and mask the bits to read/write out. Make sure to add a check for system memory since pcc redefines the access_width to subspace id. If access_width is not set, then fall back to using bit_width. [ rjw: Subject and changelog edits, comment adjustments ]

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: firmware: qcom: uefisecapp: Fix memory related IO errors and crashes It turns out that while the QSEECOM APP_SEND command has specific fields for request and response buffers, uefisecapp expects them both to be in a single memory region. Failure to adhere to this has (so far) resulted in either no response being written to the response buffer (causing an EIO to be emitted down the line), the SCM call to fail with EINVAL (i.e., directly from TZ/firmware), or the device to be hard-reset. While this issue can be triggered deterministically, in the current form it seems to happen rather sporadically (which is why it has gone unnoticed during earlier testing). This is likely due to the two kzalloc() calls (for request and response) being directly after each other. Which means that those likely return consecutive regions most of the time, especially when not much else is going on in the system. Fix this by allocating a single memory region for both request and response buffers, properly aligning both structs inside it. This unfortunately also means that the qcom_scm_qseecom_app_send() interface needs to be restructured, as it should no longer map the DMA regions separately. Therefore, move the responsibility of DMA allocation (or mapping) to the caller.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm: turn folio_test_hugetlb into a PageType The current folio_test_hugetlb() can be fooled by a concurrent folio split into returning true for a folio which has never belonged to hugetlbfs. This can't happen if the caller holds a refcount on it, but we have a few places (memory-failure, compaction, procfs) which do not and should not take a speculative reference. Since hugetlb pages do not use individual page mapcounts (they are always fully mapped and use the entire_mapcount field to record the number of mappings), the PageType field is available now that page_mapcount() ignores the value in this field. In compaction and with CONFIG_DEBUG_VM enabled, the current implementation can result in an oops, as reported by Luis. This happens since 9c5ccf2db04b ("mm: remove HUGETLB_PAGE_DTOR") effectively added some VM_BUG_ON() checks in the PageHuge() testing path. [willy@infradead.org: update vmcoreinfo] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/ZgGZUvsdhaT1Va-T@casper.infradead.org

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: phy: marvell: a3700-comphy: Fix out of bounds read There is an out of bounds read access of 'gbe_phy_init_fix[fix_idx].addr' every iteration after 'fix_idx' reaches 'ARRAY_SIZE(gbe_phy_init_fix)'. Make sure 'gbe_phy_init[addr]' is used when all elements of 'gbe_phy_init_fix' array are handled. Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with SVACE.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: dmaengine: idxd: Convert spinlock to mutex to lock evl workqueue drain_workqueue() cannot be called safely in a spinlocked context due to possible task rescheduling. In the multi-task scenario, calling queue_work() while drain_workqueue() will lead to a Call Trace as pushing a work on a draining workqueue is not permitted in spinlocked context. Call Trace: <TASK> ? __warn+0x7d/0x140 ? __queue_work+0x2b2/0x440 ? report_bug+0x1f8/0x200 ? handle_bug+0x3c/0x70 ? exc_invalid_op+0x18/0x70 ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x1a/0x20 ? __queue_work+0x2b2/0x440 queue_work_on+0x28/0x30 idxd_misc_thread+0x303/0x5a0 [idxd] ? __schedule+0x369/0xb40 ? __pfx_irq_thread_fn+0x10/0x10 ? irq_thread+0xbc/0x1b0 irq_thread_fn+0x21/0x70 irq_thread+0x102/0x1b0 ? preempt_count_add+0x74/0xa0 ? __pfx_irq_thread_dtor+0x10/0x10 ? __pfx_irq_thread+0x10/0x10 kthread+0x103/0x140 ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 ret_from_fork+0x31/0x50 ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1b/0x30 </TASK> The current implementation uses a spinlock to protect event log workqueue and will lead to the Call Trace due to potential task rescheduling. To address the locking issue, convert the spinlock to mutex, allowing the drain_workqueue() to be called in a safe mutex-locked context. This change ensures proper synchronization when accessing the event log workqueue, preventing potential Call Trace and improving the overall robustness of the code.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: dma: xilinx_dpdma: Fix locking There are several places where either chan->lock or chan->vchan.lock was not held. Add appropriate locking. This fixes lockdep warnings like [ 31.077578] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 31.077831] WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 40 at drivers/dma/xilinx/xilinx_dpdma.c:834 xilinx_dpdma_chan_queue_transfer+0x274/0x5e0 [ 31.077953] Modules linked in: [ 31.078019] CPU: 2 PID: 40 Comm: kworker/u12:1 Not tainted 6.6.20+ #98 [ 31.078102] Hardware name: xlnx,zynqmp (DT) [ 31.078169] Workqueue: events_unbound deferred_probe_work_func [ 31.078272] pstate: 600000c5 (nZCv daIF -PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) [ 31.078377] pc : xilinx_dpdma_chan_queue_transfer+0x274/0x5e0 [ 31.078473] lr : xilinx_dpdma_chan_queue_transfer+0x270/0x5e0 [ 31.078550] sp : ffffffc083bb2e10 [ 31.078590] x29: ffffffc083bb2e10 x28: 0000000000000000 x27: ffffff880165a168 [ 31.078754] x26: ffffff880164e920 x25: ffffff880164eab8 x24: ffffff880164d480 [ 31.078920] x23: ffffff880165a148 x22: ffffff880164e988 x21: 0000000000000000 [ 31.079132] x20: ffffffc082aa3000 x19: ffffff880164e880 x18: 0000000000000000 [ 31.079295] x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000000 x15: 0000000000000000 [ 31.079453] x14: 0000000000000000 x13: ffffff8802263dc0 x12: 0000000000000001 [ 31.079613] x11: 0001ffc083bb2e34 x10: 0001ff880164e98f x9 : 0001ffc082aa3def [ 31.079824] x8 : 0001ffc082aa3dec x7 : 0000000000000000 x6 : 0000000000000516 [ 31.079982] x5 : ffffffc7f8d43000 x4 : ffffff88003c9c40 x3 : ffffffffffffffff [ 31.080147] x2 : ffffffc7f8d43000 x1 : 00000000000000c0 x0 : 0000000000000000 [ 31.080307] Call trace: [ 31.080340] xilinx_dpdma_chan_queue_transfer+0x274/0x5e0 [ 31.080518] xilinx_dpdma_issue_pending+0x11c/0x120 [ 31.080595] zynqmp_disp_layer_update+0x180/0x3ac [ 31.080712] zynqmp_dpsub_plane_atomic_update+0x11c/0x21c [ 31.080825] drm_atomic_helper_commit_planes+0x20c/0x684 [ 31.080951] drm_atomic_helper_commit_tail+0x5c/0xb0 [ 31.081139] commit_tail+0x234/0x294 [ 31.081246] drm_atomic_helper_commit+0x1f8/0x210 [ 31.081363] drm_atomic_commit+0x100/0x140 [ 31.081477] drm_client_modeset_commit_atomic+0x318/0x384 [ 31.081634] drm_client_modeset_commit_locked+0x8c/0x24c [ 31.081725] drm_client_modeset_commit+0x34/0x5c [ 31.081812] __drm_fb_helper_restore_fbdev_mode_unlocked+0x104/0x168 [ 31.081899] drm_fb_helper_set_par+0x50/0x70 [ 31.081971] fbcon_init+0x538/0xc48 [ 31.082047] visual_init+0x16c/0x23c [ 31.082207] do_bind_con_driver.isra.0+0x2d0/0x634 [ 31.082320] do_take_over_console+0x24c/0x33c [ 31.082429] do_fbcon_takeover+0xbc/0x1b0 [ 31.082503] fbcon_fb_registered+0x2d0/0x34c [ 31.082663] register_framebuffer+0x27c/0x38c [ 31.082767] __drm_fb_helper_initial_config_and_unlock+0x5c0/0x91c [ 31.082939] drm_fb_helper_initial_config+0x50/0x74 [ 31.083012] drm_fbdev_dma_client_hotplug+0xb8/0x108 [ 31.083115] drm_client_register+0xa0/0xf4 [ 31.083195] drm_fbdev_dma_setup+0xb0/0x1cc [ 31.083293] zynqmp_dpsub_drm_init+0x45c/0x4e0 [ 31.083431] zynqmp_dpsub_probe+0x444/0x5e0 [ 31.083616] platform_probe+0x8c/0x13c [ 31.083713] really_probe+0x258/0x59c [ 31.083793] __driver_probe_device+0xc4/0x224 [ 31.083878] driver_probe_device+0x70/0x1c0 [ 31.083961] __device_attach_driver+0x108/0x1e0 [ 31.084052] bus_for_each_drv+0x9c/0x100 [ 31.084125] __device_attach+0x100/0x298 [ 31.084207] device_initial_probe+0x14/0x20 [ 31.084292] bus_probe_device+0xd8/0xdc [ 31.084368] deferred_probe_work_func+0x11c/0x180 [ 31.084451] process_one_work+0x3ac/0x988 [ 31.084643] worker_thread+0x398/0x694 [ 31.084752] kthread+0x1bc/0x1c0 [ 31.084848] ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20 [ 31.084932] irq event stamp: 64549 [ 31.084970] hardirqs last enabled at (64548): [<ffffffc081adf35c>] _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x80/0x90 [ 31.085157] ---truncated---

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: dmaengine: idxd: Fix oops during rmmod on single-CPU platforms During the removal of the idxd driver, registered offline callback is invoked as part of the clean up process. However, on systems with only one CPU online, no valid target is available to migrate the perf context, resulting in a kernel oops: BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 000000000002a2b8 #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page PGD 1470e1067 P4D 0 Oops: 0002 [#1] PREEMPT SMP NOPTI CPU: 0 PID: 20 Comm: cpuhp/0 Not tainted 6.8.0-rc6-dsa+ #57 Hardware name: Intel Corporation AvenueCity/AvenueCity, BIOS BHSDCRB1.86B.2492.D03.2307181620 07/18/2023 RIP: 0010:mutex_lock+0x2e/0x50 ... Call Trace: <TASK> __die+0x24/0x70 page_fault_oops+0x82/0x160 do_user_addr_fault+0x65/0x6b0 __pfx___rdmsr_safe_on_cpu+0x10/0x10 exc_page_fault+0x7d/0x170 asm_exc_page_fault+0x26/0x30 mutex_lock+0x2e/0x50 mutex_lock+0x1e/0x50 perf_pmu_migrate_context+0x87/0x1f0 perf_event_cpu_offline+0x76/0x90 [idxd] cpuhp_invoke_callback+0xa2/0x4f0 __pfx_perf_event_cpu_offline+0x10/0x10 [idxd] cpuhp_thread_fun+0x98/0x150 smpboot_thread_fn+0x27/0x260 smpboot_thread_fn+0x1af/0x260 __pfx_smpboot_thread_fn+0x10/0x10 kthread+0x103/0x140 __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 ret_from_fork+0x31/0x50 __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1b/0x30 <TASK> Fix the issue by preventing the migration of the perf context to an invalid target.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: riscv: Fix TASK_SIZE on 64-bit NOMMU On NOMMU, userspace memory can come from anywhere in physical RAM. The current definition of TASK_SIZE is wrong if any RAM exists above 4G, causing spurious failures in the userspace access routines.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: riscv: Fix loading 64-bit NOMMU kernels past the start of RAM commit 3335068f8721 ("riscv: Use PUD/P4D/PGD pages for the linear mapping") added logic to allow using RAM below the kernel load address. However, this does not work for NOMMU, where PAGE_OFFSET is fixed to the kernel load address. Since that range of memory corresponds to PFNs below ARCH_PFN_OFFSET, mm initialization runs off the beginning of mem_map and corrupts adjacent kernel memory. Fix this by restoring the previous behavior for NOMMU kernels.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: phy: ti: tusb1210: Resolve charger-det crash if charger psy is unregistered The power_supply frame-work is not really designed for there to be long living in kernel references to power_supply devices. Specifically unregistering a power_supply while some other code has a reference to it triggers a WARN in power_supply_unregister(): WARN_ON(atomic_dec_return(&psy->use_cnt)); Folllowed by the power_supply still getting removed and the backing data freed anyway, leaving the tusb1210 charger-detect code with a dangling reference, resulting in a crash the next time tusb1210_get_online() is called. Fix this by only holding the reference in tusb1210_get_online() freeing it at the end of the function. Note this still leaves a theoretical race window, but it avoids the issue when manually rmmod-ing the charger chip driver during development.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: sched/eevdf: Prevent vlag from going out of bounds in reweight_eevdf() It was possible to have pick_eevdf() return NULL, which then causes a NULL-deref. This turned out to be due to entity_eligible() returning falsely negative because of a s64 multiplcation overflow. Specifically, reweight_eevdf() computes the vlag without considering the limit placed upon vlag as update_entity_lag() does, and then the scaling multiplication (remember that weight is 20bit fixed point) can overflow. This then leads to the new vruntime being weird which then causes the above entity_eligible() to go side-ways and claim nothing is eligible. Thus limit the range of vlag accordingly. All this was quite rare, but fatal when it does happen.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: i2c: smbus: fix NULL function pointer dereference Baruch reported an OOPS when using the designware controller as target only. Target-only modes break the assumption of one transfer function always being available. Fix this by always checking the pointer in __i2c_transfer. [wsa: dropped the simplification in core-smbus to avoid theoretical regressions]

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bounds: Use the right number of bits for power-of-two CONFIG_NR_CPUS bits_per() rounds up to the next power of two when passed a power of two. This causes crashes on some machines and configurations.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: batman-adv: Avoid infinite loop trying to resize local TT If the MTU of one of an attached interface becomes too small to transmit the local translation table then it must be resized to fit inside all fragments (when enabled) or a single packet. But if the MTU becomes too low to transmit even the header + the VLAN specific part then the resizing of the local TT will never succeed. This can for example happen when the usable space is 110 bytes and 11 VLANs are on top of batman-adv. In this case, at least 116 byte would be needed. There will just be an endless spam of batman_adv: batadv0: Forced to purge local tt entries to fit new maximum fragment MTU (110) in the log but the function will never finish. Problem here is that the timeout will be halved all the time and will then stagnate at 0 and therefore never be able to reduce the table even more. There are other scenarios possible with a similar result. The number of BATADV_TT_CLIENT_NOPURGE entries in the local TT can for example be too high to fit inside a packet. Such a scenario can therefore happen also with only a single VLAN + 7 non-purgable addresses - requiring at least 120 bytes. While this should be handled proactively when: * interface with too low MTU is added * VLAN is added * non-purgeable local mac is added * MTU of an attached interface is reduced * fragmentation setting gets disabled (which most likely requires dropping attached interfaces) not all of these scenarios can be prevented because batman-adv is only consuming events without the the possibility to prevent these actions (non-purgable MAC address added, MTU of an attached interface is reduced). It is therefore necessary to also make sure that the code is able to handle also the situations when there were already incompatible system configuration are present.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: virtio_net: Do not send RSS key if it is not supported There is a bug when setting the RSS options in virtio_net that can break the whole machine, getting the kernel into an infinite loop. Running the following command in any QEMU virtual machine with virtionet will reproduce this problem: # ethtool -X eth0 hfunc toeplitz This is how the problem happens: 1) ethtool_set_rxfh() calls virtnet_set_rxfh() 2) virtnet_set_rxfh() calls virtnet_commit_rss_command() 3) virtnet_commit_rss_command() populates 4 entries for the rss scatter-gather 4) Since the command above does not have a key, then the last scatter-gatter entry will be zeroed, since rss_key_size == 0. sg_buf_size = vi->rss_key_size; 5) This buffer is passed to qemu, but qemu is not happy with a buffer with zero length, and do the following in virtqueue_map_desc() (QEMU function): if (!sz) { virtio_error(vdev, "virtio: zero sized buffers are not allowed"); 6) virtio_error() (also QEMU function) set the device as broken vdev->broken = true; 7) Qemu bails out, and do not repond this crazy kernel. 8) The kernel is waiting for the response to come back (function virtnet_send_command()) 9) The kernel is waiting doing the following : while (!virtqueue_get_buf(vi->cvq, &tmp) && !virtqueue_is_broken(vi->cvq)) cpu_relax(); 10) None of the following functions above is true, thus, the kernel loops here forever. Keeping in mind that virtqueue_is_broken() does not look at the qemu `vdev->broken`, so, it never realizes that the vitio is broken at QEMU side. Fix it by not sending RSS commands if the feature is not available in the device.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: arm64: tlb: Fix TLBI RANGE operand KVM/arm64 relies on TLBI RANGE feature to flush TLBs when the dirty pages are collected by VMM and the page table entries become write protected during live migration. Unfortunately, the operand passed to the TLBI RANGE instruction isn't correctly sorted out due to the commit 117940aa6e5f ("KVM: arm64: Define kvm_tlb_flush_vmid_range()"). It leads to crash on the destination VM after live migration because TLBs aren't flushed completely and some of the dirty pages are missed. For example, I have a VM where 8GB memory is assigned, starting from 0x40000000 (1GB). Note that the host has 4KB as the base page size. In the middile of migration, kvm_tlb_flush_vmid_range() is executed to flush TLBs. It passes MAX_TLBI_RANGE_PAGES as the argument to __kvm_tlb_flush_vmid_range() and __flush_s2_tlb_range_op(). SCALE#3 and NUM#31, corresponding to MAX_TLBI_RANGE_PAGES, isn't supported by __TLBI_RANGE_NUM(). In this specific case, -1 has been returned from __TLBI_RANGE_NUM() for SCALE#3/2/1/0 and rejected by the loop in the __flush_tlb_range_op() until the variable @scale underflows and becomes -9, 0xffff708000040000 is set as the operand. The operand is wrong since it's sorted out by __TLBI_VADDR_RANGE() according to invalid @scale and @num. Fix it by extending __TLBI_RANGE_NUM() to support the combination of SCALE#3 and NUM#31. With the changes, [-1 31] instead of [-1 30] can be returned from the macro, meaning the TLBs for 0x200000 pages in the above example can be flushed in one shoot with SCALE#3 and NUM#31. The macro TLBI_RANGE_MASK is dropped since no one uses it any more. The comments are also adjusted accordingly.